Burner for waste and low-grade oils



Feb. 2l, 1950 w. H. PAULIN BURNER RoR WASTE AND Low GRADE ons Filed Feb'. 15, 1948 www .H Paulin Patented Feb. 2l, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates to an improved oil-burning heater, and has particular reference to heaters of the type known as space heaters and which are employed in the heating of individual rooms.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heater of this character of efficient, low cost and simplified construction.

It is another object of the invention to provide such a heater which is capable of utilizing low grade fuels, such as heavy fuel oils, waste engine crank case oils and other heavy hydrocarbons which are deemed unusable in conventional oil burners. A further object of the invention is to provide an oil burner or heater adapted to utilize low cost or waste fuels advantageously and wherein the burner involves a casing having a pair of upper and lower chambers adapted to receive concentrically disposed air-admitting tubes, the inner of said tubes projecting into the lower fuel-receiving chamber and terminating in spaced relation from the bottom thereof while the outer of said tubes terminates in the upper chamber to supply additional combustion air to the combustible mixture flowing therein from the lower chamber, the casing further including a superposed third chamber for the liberation of heat developed by the combustion of fuel in the rst and second chambers.

For a further understanding of the invention, reference is to be had to the following description and the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through my improved oil-burning heater;

Fig. 2 is a to-p plan view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a detail vertical sectional view disclosing the adjustable supporting means for the inner air-delivery tube;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the numeral I designates my improved oil burning heater in its entirety. The heater comprises a sheet metal casing which is positioned upon a suitable base 2. The bottom portion` 3 of the casing is preferably of cylindrical formation and is provided internally with a horizontally disposed baille wall 4, the latter being provided with an opening 5 in its center which establishes communication between an initial fuel-receiving chamber 5 and an upper carburetting chamber 1. Liquid fuel enters the chamber Ii by way of a pipe line 8 which extends to a fuel reservoir or drum 9 for the gravitational flow of the fuel to the initial chamber 6, the pipe line B being equipped with a control valve I0 and a fire-resisting U bend I I.

The fuel employed may constitute a low grade hydrocarbon fuel oil, although I have used advantageously discarded engine crank case oils. Such oils under flow regulated by the control valve Ii) are admitted into the chamber 6. To provide air for the carburetion and combustion of such oils, the casing above the bottom 3 is formed with a diametrically enlarged heat-releasing section I2, the latter forming an internal chamber I3, which communicates with the chamber 'l by `way of an opening I 4 formed in the bottom wall I5 of the section I2. The section I2 is formed with a top wall I6 which carries a ilue outlet conduit II adapted to be suitably vented to the atmosphere.

The top wall I6 is provided axially with an opening I8 which receives inner and outer airadmitting tubes I9 and 2D respectively. The inner tube is of such length as to extend from above the wall I6 through the chambers 'I` and I3 and into the bottom chamber 6 with its lower end spaced from the bottom wall of the chamber 6. The outer tube extends from above the bottom wall I5 through the chamber I3 and into the chamber l and terminates above the baffle wall 4. The tubes I9 and 20 are supported in suspended relation from the top wall I6 by being provided with registering openings 2I through which a cross pin 22 extends, the ends of said pin resting on a flange 23 surrounding the opening I8 of the top wall I6. A plurality of openings 2| may be formed vertically in the inner tube I9 to admit of the vertical adjustment of the latter to vary the spacing between the lower end thereof and the bottom wall of the chamber 6.

At one side of its vertical side wall, the chamber 6 is formed with a spout 24 which is adapted to be normally closed by a swinging lid 25. In the operation of the burner, combustion may be initiated by inserting into the chamber B through the spout 24 an ignitible kerosene-soaked section of fabric, after which the lid,25 is closed. Air under stack draft flows from the atmosphere downwardly through the inner tube I9, and enters into admixture with the oil contained in the bottom chamber. An initial carbureted mixture is thus formed which produces active flame combustion. Under stack draft, these partially carbureted products of combustion enter the chamber I through the opening 5 in the baiile wall 4, where the products are mixed with an additional quantity of air delivered by way of the outer tube 20, so that full and complete carburetion and combustion of the fuel takes place in the chamber 'I.

The resultant highly heated gases then pass into the chamber I3 of the heating section I2 through the opening I4 and circulate around the chamber I3, heating the walls of the latter for the radiation of heat into the areas of the room in which the heater is located. It will be noted that the chamber I3 is of comparatively large size, as regards the chambers 6 and l, so that the chamber I3 possesses ample volumetric capacity to retard the iiow of the heated products of combustion and reduce the velocity thereof to enable their heat to be effectively transferred and conducted through the walls of the chamber I3 for radiation into the room areas.

The construction of my improved heater is essentially simple and may be used advantageously as a space heater in garages, lling stations and the like where waste crank case oil is available as a fuel at little or no cost, although the heater may be used advantageously in many other capacities, particularly on farms Where there is a need at present for an economical heater for the heating of drinking water for farm live stock to prevent freezing of the Water during periods of cold weather. The apparatus involves little or no attention other than the controlling of the feed rate of the fuel through the adjustment of the valve l@ and the maintenance of an adequate fuel supply in the drum or reservoir 9. The burner operates effectively on adequate stack or chimney drafts and eliminates the employment of motor operated air fans or blowers and many other adjuncts provided in connection with standard pot-type hydroxylating oil burners.

I claim:

l. An oil burner comprising a closed casing provided internally with vertically superposed primary, secondary and tertiary chambers, said chambers being separated by divisional walls having axially disposed openings establishing communication between said chambers, valve regulated means for admitting a combustible liquid fuel into said primary chamber under regulable flow, a vertically extending open ended air-admitting tube disposed axially in said casing and extending fromthe top thereof through said tertiary and secondary chambers and into said primary chamber, `the lower end of said tube terminating in spaced relation from the bottom of the primary chamber, a second air-admitting tube arranged concentrically with said first-named tube in spaced relation from the walls thereof and providing an air passage leading from the top of said casing into said secondary chamber, said tubes providing the sole means for introducing atmospheric air to said primary and secondary chambers, and a waste gas outlet arranged in the` top of said tertiary chamber.

2; An oil burner comprising a substantially closed casing provided. internally With vertically superposed primary, secondary and tertiary chambers, saidl chambers being separated by divisional walls having axially disposed openings establishing communication between said cham bers, Yvalve regulated means for admitting a combustible liquid fuel into said primary chamber under regulable iiow, a vertically extending open ended air-admitting tube disposed axially in said casing and extending from the top thereof through said tertiary and secondary chambers and into said primary chamber, the lower end of said tube terminating in spaced relation from the bottom of the primary chamber, a second airadmitting tube arranged concentrically with said first-named tube in spaced relation from the walls thereof and providing an air passage leading from the top of said casing into said secondary chamber, said tubes being the sole means for admitting atmospheric air to said primary and secondary chambers, a waste gas outlet arranged in the top of said tertiary chamber, and means providing for vertical adjustment of said first-named airadmitting tube to regulate the spacing between the lower end of the tube and the bottom wall of said primary chamber.

3. An oil burner comprising a casing provided internally with vertically superposed primary, secondary and tertiary chambers, said chambers being separated by divisional walls having axially disposed openings establishing communication between said chambers said tertiary chamber being relatively larger than said primary and secondary chambers, valve regulated means for admitting a combustible liquid fuel into said primary chamber under regulable flow, a vertically extending open ended air-admitting tube disposed axially in said casing and extending from the top thereof through said tertiary and secondary chambers and into said primary chamber, the lower end of said tube terminating in spaced relation from the bottom of the primary chamber, said tube providing the sole means for introducing atmospheric air within said primary chamber, a second air-admitting tube arranged concentrically with said first-named tube in spaced relation from the walls thereof and providing an air passage leading from the top of said casing into said secondary chamber, said second tube providing the sole means for introducing atmospheric air to said secondary chamber, and a door regulated access opening provided in a side wall of said primary chamber for introducing ignition material to said primary chamber for effecting initial combustion of fuel admitted into said primary chamber, and for removing carbon and other solid by-products of combustion from said primary chamber.

4. An oil burner comprising a substantially vertically arranged closed casing having a lower cylindrical portion and an upper and relatively enlarged cylindrical por ion; a first division wall having an axial opening and carried internally and transversely of the lower portion of said casing and dividing said lower portion into separate but communicating primary and secondary chambers; a second division wall having an axial opening and carried internally and transversely of said CasinU at the juncture of the lower and upper portions thereof land defining with the upper portion of said casing a separate tertiary chamber, means for admitting a combustible liquid fuel. into the primary chamber of said casing under regulable oW, a first open-ended airadmitting tube leading from the atmosphere through the secondary and tertiary chambers of said casing and terminating within said primary chamber; a second open-ended air-admitting tube disposed in concentric spaced relation to said first tube and leading from the atmosphere through the tertiary chamber and terminating intermediately of the secondary chamber, said first and second tubes being the sole means of introducing atmospheric air Within said casing during combustion of fuel within said `primary chambers; and a ue opening communicating with the top of said tertiary chamber.

WALTER H. PAULIN.

REFERENCES CITED following references are of record in the this patent:

The file of UNITED STATES PATENTS 

